Die Messier-objekte
Charles Messier (1730 - 1817)
Der Messier-Katalog ist sicherlich der bekannteste Katalog für Deep-Sky-Objekte und eine erste Anlaufstelle für den beginnenden Hobbyastronom.
Dieser beinhaltet 110 astronomische Objekte, in Form von Sternhaufen, Galaxien, Nebeln, Planetarischen Nebeln und Doppelsternen, die relativ hell
und mit kleinen Instrumenten sehr gut beobachtbar sind. Die Objekte des Katalogs wurden von dem französischen Astronomen Charles Messier im
Zeitraum zwischen 1764 bis 1782 zusammengetragen. Seine Liste enthielt in der ursprünglichen Form 103 Objekte, die erst im 20. Jahrhundert auf die
bekannten 110 Objekte erweitert wurden. In meiner amateurastronomischen Karriere konnte ich bereits alle Objekte dieses Katalogs beobachten!
Liste der Messier-Objekte
Position der Messier-Objekte am Himmel, Quelle: Jim Cornmell & Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0)
| Nr. | NGC/IC | Typ | Sternbild | RA | Dec | Größe | m | Entfernung | obs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M 1 | NGC 1952 | SNR | Stier | 05h34m32s | +22°00'52" | 6' x 4' | 8,4 | 6300 Lj | x |
| M 2 | NGC 7089 | GlobCl | Wassermann | 21h33m27s | -00°49'24" | 16' | 6,3 | 36200 Lj | x |
| M 3 | NGC 5272 | GlobCl | Jagdhunde | 13h42m11s | +28°22'32" | 18' | 6,2 | 33900 Lj | x |
| M 4 | NGC 6121 | GlobCl | Skorpion | 16h23m35s | -26°31'32" | 36' | 5,4 | 7200 Lj | x |
| M 5 | NGC 5904 | GlobCl | Schlange | 15h18m34s | +02°04'58" | 23' | 5,6 | 24500 Lj | x |
| M 6 | NGC 6405 | OpenCl | Skorpion | 17h40m18s | -32°16'00" | 33' | 4,3 | 1600 Lj | x |
| M 7 | NGC 6475 | OpenCl | Skorpion | 17h53m48s | -34°47'00" | 80' | 3,3 | 800 Lj | x |
| M 8 | NGC 6523 | DiffNeb | Schütze | 18h03m37s | -24°23'12" | 60' x 40' | 6,0 | 5200 Lj | x |
| M 9 | NGC 6333 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 17h19m12s | -18°30'59" | 12' | 8,4 | 26000 Lj | x |
| M 10 | NGC 6254 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 16h57m09s | -04°05'58" | 20' | 6,4 | 14300 Lj | x |
| M 11 | NGC 6705 | OpenCl | Schild | 18h51m06s | -06°16'00" | 14' | 5,8 | 6000 Lj | x |
| M 12 | NGC 6218 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 16h47m15s | -01°56'52" | 16' | 7,7 | 16000 Lj | x |
| M 13 | NGC 6205 | GlobCl | Herkules | 16h41m41s | +36°27'37" | 20' | 5,8 | 25100 Lj | x |
| M 14 | NGC 6402 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 17h37m36s | -03°14'45! | 11' | 8,3 | 30300 Lj | x |
| M 15 | NGC 7078 | GlobCl | Pegasus | 21h29m58s | +12°10'06" | 18' | 6,2 | 33600 Lj | x |
| M 16 | NGC 6611 | OpenCl+DiffNeb | Schlange | 18h18m48s | -13°49'00" | 7' | 6,0 | 7000 Lj | x |
| M 17 | NGC 6618 | DiffNeb | Schütze | 18h20m26s | -16°10'36" | 11' | 6,0 | 5500 Lj | x |
| M 18 | NGC 6613 | OpenCl | Schütze | 18h19m58s | -17°06'06" | 10' | 7,1 | 4080 Lj | x |
| M 19 | NGC 6273 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 17h02m38s | -26°16'05" | 17' | 7,5 | 28000 Lj | x |
| M 20 | NGC 6514 | DiffNeb | Schütze | 18h02m23s | -23°01'48" | 28' | 6,3 | 5200 Lj | x |
| M 21 | NGC 6531 | OpenCl | Schütze | 18h04m13s | -22°29'24" | 13' | 5,9 | 4250 Lj | x |
| M 22 | NGC 6656 | GlobCl | Schütze | 18h36m24s | -23°54'12" | 32' | 6,2 | 10400 Lj | x |
| M 23 | NGC 6494 | OpenCl | Schütze | 17h57m00s | -18°59'00" | 27' | 5,5 | 2150 Lj | x |
| M 24 | IC 4715 | StarCloud | Schütze | 18h18m24s | -18°26'00" | 90' | 11,1 | 10000 Lj | x |
| M 25 | IC 4725 | OpenCl | Schütze | 18h31m47s | -19°06'54" | 32' | 4,6 | 4600 Lj | x |
| M 26 | NGC 6694 | OpenCl | Schild | 18h45m18s | -09°22'50" | 15' | 8,9 | 5000 Lj | x |
| M 27 | NGC 6853 | PlanNeb | Fuchs | 19h59m36s | +22°43'16" | 8,0' x 5,7' | 7,5 | 1360 Lj | x |
| M 28 | NGC 6626 | GlobCl | Schütze | 18h24m33s | -24°52'11" | 14' | 7,7 | 18300 Lj | x |
| M 29 | NGC 6913 | OpenCl | Schwan | 20h23m56s | +38°31'24" | 7' | 6,6 | 4000 Lj | x |
| M 30 | NGC 7099 | GlobCl | Steinbock | 21h40m22s | -23°10'45" | 12' | 7,7 | 26100 Lj | x |
| M 31 | NGC 224 | Galaxy | Andromeda | 00h42m44s | +41°16'09" | 186' x 62' | 3,5 | 2,5 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 32 | NGC 221 | Galaxy | Andromeda | 00h42m42s | +40°51'57" | 9,1' x 6,6' | 8,1 | 2,3 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 33 | NGC 598 | Galaxy | Dreieck | 01h33m51s | +30°39'37" | 73' x 45' | 5,7 | 2,8 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 34 | NGC 1039 | OpenCl | Perseus | 02h42m05s | +42°45'42" | 35' | 5,2 | 1400 Lj | x |
| M 35 | NGC 2168 | OpenCl | Zwillinge | 06h09m00s | +24°21'00" | 28' | 5,1 | 2800 Lj | x |
| M 36 | NGC 1960 | OpenCl | Fuhrmann | 05h36m18s | +34°08'27" | 12' | 6,0 | 4100 Lj | x |
| M 37 | NGC 2099 | OpenCl | Fuhrmann | 05h52m19s | +32°33'11" | 24' | 5,6 | 4400 Lj | x |
| M 38 | NGC 1912 | OpenCl | Fuhrmann | 05h28m43s | +35°51'18" | 21' | 6,4 | 4200 Lj | x |
| M 39 | NGC 7092 | OpenCl | Schwan | 21h31m57s | +48°25'15" | 32' | 4,6 | 825 Lj | x |
| M 40 |
|
DS | Großer Bär | 12h22m24s | +58°05'00" |
|
8,4 | 170 Lj | x |
| M 41 | NGC 2287 | OpenCl | Großer Hund | 06h46m00s | -20°45'15" | 38' | 4,5 | 2300 Lj | x |
| M 42 | NGC 1976 | DiffNeb | Orion | 05h35m17s | -05°23'28" | 85' x 60' | 4,0 | 1300 Lj | x |
| M 43 | NGC 1982 | DiffNeb | Orion | 05h35m31s | -05°16'03" | 20' x 15' | 9,0 | 1300 Lj | x |
| M 44 | NGC 2632 | OpenCl | Krebs | 08h39m57s | +19°40'21" | 95' | 3,1 | 577 Lj | x |
| M 45 | NGC 1435 | OpenCl | Stier | 03h47m24s | +24°07'00" | 110' | 1,6 | 440 Lj | x |
| M 46 | NGC 2437 | OpenCl | Achterdeck | 07h41m47s | -14°48'36" | 27' | 6,1 | 5400 Lj | x |
| M 47 | NGC 2422 | OpenCl | Achterdeck | 07h36m35s | -14°28'47" | 30' | 4,4 | 1600 Lj | x |
| M 48 | NGC 2548 | OpenCl | Wasserschlange | 08h13m43s | -05°45'02" | 54' | 5,8 | 1500 Lj | x |
| M 49 | NGC 4472 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h29m47s | +08°00'00" | 10,2 x 8,3 | 8,3 | 53 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 50 | NGC 2323 | OpenCl | Einhorn | 07h02m48s | -08°22'36" | 16' | 5,9 | 3200 Lj | x |
| M 51 | NGC 5194 | Galaxy | Jagdhunde | 1329m52s | +47°11'41" | 11,2' x 6,9' | 8,1 | 23 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 52 | NGC 7654 | OpenCl | Kassiopeia | 23h24m51s | +61°36'23" | 13' | 7,3 | 5000 Lj | x |
| M 53 | NGC 5024 | GlobCl | Haar der Berenike | 13h12m55s | +18°10'09" | 13' | 8,3 | 58000 Lj | x |
| M 54 | NGC 6715 | GlobCl | Schütze | 18h55m03s | -30°28'43" | 9' | 8,4 | 87400 Lj | x |
| M 55 | NGC 6809 | GlobCl | Schütze | 19h39m59s | -30°57'44" | 19' | 7,4 | 17300 Lj | x |
| M 56 | NGC 6779 | GlobCl | Leier | 19h16m36s | +30°11'04" | 7,1' | 8,3 | 32900 Lj | x |
| M 57 | NGC 6720 | PlanNeb | Leier | 18h53m35s | +33°01'45" | 1,4' x 1,0' | 8,8 | 2300 Lj | x |
| M 58 | NGC 4579 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h37m44s | +11°49'04" | 5,9' x 4,7' | 9,6 | 68 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 59 | NGC 4621 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h42m02s | +11°38'45" | 5,4' x 3,7' | 9,7 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 60 | NGC 4649 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h43m40s | +11°33'09" | 7,4' x 6,0' | 8,8 | 55 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 61 | NGC 4303 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h21m55s | +04°28'29" | 6,2' x 5,9' | 9,3 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 62 | NGC 6266 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 17h01m13s | -30°06'45" | 14,1' | 7,4 | 22000 Lj | x |
| M 63 | NGC 5055 | Galaxy | Jagdhunde | 13h15m49s | +42°01'47" | 12,6' x 7,2' | 8,5 | 37 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 64 | NGC 4826 | Gakaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h56m44s | +21°41'00" | 10' x 5,4' | 8,5 | 24 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 65 | NGC 3623 | Galaxy | Löwe | 11h18m56s | +13°05'32" | 8,7' x 2,5' | 9,2 | 30 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 66 | NGC 3627 | Galaxy | Löwe | 11h20m15s | +12°59'22" | 8,3' x 4,2' | 8,9 | 30 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 67 | NGC 2682 | OpenCl | Krebs | 08h51m18s | +11°48'00" | 30' | 6,9 | 2700 Lj | x |
| M 68 | NGC 4590 | GlobCl | Wasserschlange | 12h39m28s | -26°44'35" | 12' | 9,7 | 33300 Lj | x |
| M 69 | NGC 6637 | GlobCl | Schütze | 18h31m23s | -32°20'53" | 7,7' | 8,3 | 29700 Lj | x |
| M 70 | NGC 6681 | GlobCl | Schütze | 18h43m13s | -32°17'31" | 7,8' | 9,1 | 29300 Lj | x |
| M 71 | NGC 6838 | GlobCl | Pfeil | 19h53m46s | +18°46'42" | 7,2' | 6,1 | 13000 Lj | x |
| M 72 | NGC 6981 | GlobCl | Wassermann | 20h53m28s | -12°32'13" | 6,6' | 9,3 | 55400 Lj | x |
| M 73 | NGC 6994 | Asterism | Wassermann | 20h59m00s | -12°38'00" | 2,8' | 9,0 |
2000 Lj |
x |
| M 74 | NGC 628 | Galaxy | Fische | 01h36m42s | +15°47'00" | 10,5' x 9,5' | 9,1 | 35 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 75 | NGC 6864 | GlobCl | Schütze | 20h06m05s | -21°55'16" | 6,8' | 9,2 | 67000 Lj | x |
| M 76 | NGC 650+651 | PlanNeb | Perseus | 01h42m20s | +51°34'31" | 2,7' x 1,8' | 10,1 | 3400 Lj | x |
| M 77 | NGC 1068 | Galaxy | Walfisch | 02h42m41s | -00°00'48" | 7,1' x 6,0' | 8,9 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 78 | NGC 2068 | ReflNeb | Orion | 05h46m47s | +00°00'50" | 8' x 6' | 8,3 |
1600 Lj |
x |
| M 79 | NGC 1904 | GlobCl | Hase | 05h24m11s | -24°31'27" | 9,6' | 8,6 | 41000 Lj | x |
| M 80 | NGC 6093 | GlobCl | Skorpion | 16h17m03s | -22°58'30" | 10' | 8,7 | 32600 Lj | x |
| M 81 | NGC 3031 | Galaxy | Großer Bär | 09h55m33s | +69°03'55" | 26,9' x 14,1' | 7,0 | 11,8 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 82 | NGC 3034 | Galaxy | Großer Bär | 09h55m52s | +69°40'49" | 11,2' x 4,3' | 8,6 | 11,5 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 83 | NGC 5236 | Galaxy | Wasserschlange | 13h37m01s | -29°51'59" | 12,9' x 11,5' | 7,5 | 14,7 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 84 | NGC 4374 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h25m04s | +12°53'13" | 6,0'x 5,4' | 9,2 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 85 | NGC 4382 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h25m24s | +18°11'27" | 7,1 x 5,5' | 9,1 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 86 | NGC 4406 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h26m12s | +12°56'45" | 10,2' x 6,8' | 8,9 | 56 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 87 | NGC 4486 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h30m49s | +12°23'28" | 8,3' x 5,8' | 8,6 | 52 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 88 | NGC 4501 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h31m59s | +14°25'11" | 6,9' x 3,7' | 9,4 | 47 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 89 | NGC 4552 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h35m40s | +12°33'23" | 5,1' x 4,7' | 9,9 | 50 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 90 | NGC 4569 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h36m50s | +13°09'46" | 10,2' x 4,6' | 9,4 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 91 | NGC 4548 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h35m27s | +14°29'45" | 5,3' x 4,4' | 10,1 | 63 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 92 | NGC 6341 | GlobCl | Herkules | 17h17m07s | +43°08'12" | 14' | 6,3 | 26000 Lj | x |
| M 93 | NGC 2447 | OpenCl | Achterdeck | 07h44m29s | -23°51'11" | 22' | 6,2 | 3600 Lj | x |
| M 94 | NGC 4736 | Galaxy | Jagdhunde | 12h50m53s | +41°07'09" | 11,2' x 9,1' | 8,1 | 16 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 95 | NGC 3351 | Galaxy | Löwe | 10h43m58s | +11°42'12" | 7,6' x 4,5' | 9,8 | 33 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 96 | NGC 3368 | Galaxy | Löwe | 10h46m46s | +11°49'10" | 7,8' x 5,3' | 9,3 | 10,9 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 97 | NGC 3587 | PlanNeb | Großer Bär | 11h14m48s | +55°01'09" | 3,4' x 3,3' | 11 | 2600 Lj | x |
| M 98 | NGC 4192 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h13m48s | +14°53'58" | 9,8' x 2,5' | 10,1 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 99 | NGC 4254 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h18m50s | +14°25'00" | 5,4' x 4,7' | 9,7 | 60 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 100 | NGC 4321 | Galaxy | Haar der Berenike | 12h22m55s | +15°49'20" | 7,6' x 6,2' | 9,3 | 56 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 101 | NGC 5457 | Galaxy | Großer Bär | 14h03m13s | +54°20'53" | 22,9' x 22,9' | 7,5 | 27 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 102 | NGC 5866 | Galaxy | Drache | 15h06m29s | +55°45'47" | 6,5' x 3,2' | 9,9 | 44 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 103 | NGC 581 | OpenCl | Kassiopeia | 01h33m22s | +60°39'29" | 7' | 7,7 | 8500 Lj | x |
| M 104 | NGC 4594 | Galaxy | Jungfrau | 12h39m59s | -11°37'23" | 8,5' x 5,4' | 8,3 | 30 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 105 | NGC 3379 | Galaxy | Löwe | 10h47m50s | +12°34'55" | 5,1' x 4,7' | 9,5 | 38 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 106 | NGC 4258 | Galaxy | Jagdhunde | 12h18m58s | +47°18'14" | 17' x 6,5' | 8,3 | 24 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 107 | NGC 6171 | GlobCl | Schlangenträger | 16h32m32s | -13°03'13" | 13' | 8,9 | 20900 Lj | x |
| M 108 | NGC 3556 | Galaxy | Großer Bär | 11h11m31s | +55°40'31" | 8,1' x 2,8' | 9,9 | 45 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 109 | NGC 3992 | Galaxy | Großer Bär | 11h57m36s | +53°22'35" | 7,1' x 4,6' | 9,8 | 55 Mio. Lj | x |
| M 110 | NGC 205 | Galaxy | Andromeda | 00h40m22s | +41°41'07" | 18,6' x 11,5' | 7,9 | 2,2 Mio Lj | x |
RA & Dec (Äquinoktikum J2000.00) | Größe (in Bogensekunden) | Helligkeit (in Magnituden m) | obs (beobachtet)
Galaxy = Galaxie | OpenCl = Offener Sternhaufen | GlobCl = Kugelsternhaufen | PlanNeb = Planetarischer Nebel | DiffNeb = Emissionsnebel
ReflNeb = Reflexionsnebel | DarkNeb = Dunkelnebel | SNR = Supernovarest | Asterism = Asterismus (Sternmuster) | DS = Doppelstern
Galaxy = Galaxie | OpenCl = Offener Sternhaufen | GlobCl = Kugelsternhaufen | PlanNeb = Planetarischer Nebel | DiffNeb = Emissionsnebel
ReflNeb = Reflexionsnebel | DarkNeb = Dunkelnebel | SNR = Supernovarest | Asterism = Asterismus (Sternmuster) | DS = Doppelstern
Messier 51 und Umgebung erstellt mit SkyMap Pro 10 und The RealSky (POSS Daten)
Eigennamen der Messier-Objekte
| Messier Nr. | Deutsche Bezeichnung | Englische Bezeichnung |
|---|---|---|
| M 1 | Krebsnebel | Crab Nebula |
| M 6 | Schmetterlingshaufen | Butterfly Cluster |
| M 7 | Ptolemaeus Sternhaufem | Ptolemy's Cluster |
| M 8 | Lagunennebel | Lagoon Nebula |
| M 11 | Wildentenhaufen | Wild Duck Cluster |
| M 13 | Herkuleshaufen | Hercules Globular Cluster |
| M 15 | Großer Pegasushaufen |
|
| M 16 | Adlernebel | Eagle Nebula |
| M 17 | Omeganebel | Omega / Swan Nebula |
| M 20 | Trifidnebel | Trifid Nebula |
| M 24 |
|
Sagittarius Star Cloud |
| M 27 | Hantelnebel | Dumbbell Nebula |
| M 29 |
|
Cooling Tower |
| M 31 | Andromedanebel | Andromeda Galaxy |
| M 33 | Dreiecksnebel | Triangulum Galaxy |
| M 34 |
|
Spiral Cluster |
| M 36 |
|
Pinwheel Cluster |
| M 38 |
|
Starfish Cluster |
| M 40 | Winnecke 4 | Winnecke 4 |
| M 41 | Kleiner Bienenstock | Little Beehive |
| M 42 | Orionebel | Orion Nebula |
| M 44 | Praesepe / Krippe | Praesepe / Beehive Cluster |
| M 45 | Plejaden | Pleiades / Seven Sisters |
| M 50 |
|
Heart-Shaped Cluster |
| M 51 | Strudelgalaxie | Whirlpool Galaxy |
| M 57 | Ringnebel | Ring Nebula |
| M 63 | Sonnenblumengalaxie | Sunflower Galaxy |
| M 64 | Black Eye Galaxie | Black Eye Galaxy |
| M 67 |
|
King Cobra Cluster |
| M 74 | Phantomgalaxie | Phantom Galaxy |
| M 76 | Kleiner Hantelnebel | Little Dumbbell Nebula |
| M 77 |
|
Cetus A |
| M 81 | Bodes Nebel | Bode's Galaxy / Nebula |
| M 82 | Ursa Major A | Cigar Galaxy |
| M 83 |
|
Southern Pinwheel Galaxy |
| M 87 | Virgo Galaxie | Virgo A |
| M 94 | Katzenaugengalaxie | Cat's Eye Galaxy |
| M 97 | Eulennebel | Owl Nebula |
| M 101 | Wagenrad Galaxie | Pinwheel Galaxy |
| M 104 | Sombrerogalaxie | Sombrero Galaxy |
| M 108 | Surfbrett Galaxie | Surfboard Galaxy |
